What is the difference between OS2, OM3, and OM4 fiber categories?

These designations define the bandwidth and distance capabilities of the fiber core:

OS2 (Singlemode): Optimized for long-haul and high-speed data transmission (up to 100km). It has a small core (9µm) and supports wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm with very low attenuation.

OM3/OM4 (Multimode): Designed for short-range applications like data centers. OM3 supports 10GbE up to 300m, while OM4 is optimized for 40GbE/100GbE up to 150m-400m using VCSEL lasers.